EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Agriculture is a critical sector in Nigeria, employing over 70% of the population and contributing significantly to the nation’s GDP. However, climate change poses a severe threat to agricultural productivity and food security. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, desertification, and extreme weather events disrupt farming activities, leading to reduced crop yields, increased food prices, and heightened food insecurity. This paper examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on Nigeria’s agricultural sector, highlighting how changing climatic conditions exacerbate vulnerabilities in food production, distribution, and accessibility. The study explores key challenges such as reduced agricultural output, disruptions in food supply chains, increased pest invasions, and the socio-economic implications of climate change on smallholder farmers. It also assesses governmental policies, adaptation strategies, and international collaborations aimed at mitigating these adverse effects. Despite efforts such as the National Climate Change Policy and the Agricultural Transformation Agenda, implementation gaps persist due to inadequate funding, limited technological adoption, and socio-cultural barriers. A comparative analysis with other nations underscores the need for Nigeria to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, improve climate resilience through research and innovation, and enhance policy execution. The paper concludes that addressing food security challenges necessitates a comprehensive approach involving governmental action, stakeholder collaboration, and increased investments in climate-smart agriculture to build a more resilient food system in Nigeria