ASSESSMENT OF THE BOTANICAL ORIGIN, HEAVY METALS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF HONEY SOURCED FROM SOME MARKETS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Minerals, heavy metals, floral diversity, markets, honeyAbstract
Different honey types are available in the Nigerian market. This study was carried out to investigate the floral diversity, the mineral and heavy metals in honey samples sold in various markets in Abia State, Nigeria using standard methods. The results showed that a total of sixteen (16) distinct pollen types and (18) plant families were identified. The total pollen count varied across the locations, with Umuahia sample recording 870 pollen grains (25.23%), Umudike with 655 grains (18.98%), Ahieke had 745 grains (21.61%), and Ndioru recorded 897 grains (26.01%). Parinari excelsa was present in all locations, with varying frequency classes; 34.48% in Umuahia, 19.85% in Umudike, 40.27% in Ahieke, and 28.99% in Ndioru. The samples were both unifloral (Ahieke sample) and multifloral in origin. The minerals analyzed were calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium while the heavy metals include chromium, iron, copper, zinc and nickel. The ranges of values recorded for the tested parameters were calcium content (30.66-41.90 mg/kg); magnesium (20.08-26.45 mg/kg); potassium (39.61-203.97 mg/kg) sodium (35.66-53.29 mg/kg); chromium (0.01-0.02 mg/kg); iron (2.84-5.05 mg/kg); copper (0.033-0.072 mg/kg); zinc (0.047-0.072 mg/kg);and nickel (0.045-0.079 mg/kg). The pH ranged from 3.20 - 3.40. The color of the samples showed that they were all blossom honey. As well, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the world health organization. Likewise, the samples contained minerals that are required for the proper functioning of the body. Thus the honey samples are suitable for consumption
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