THE HEALTH OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS) IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: BETWEEN CONFLICTS AND THE INCREASING ROLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

The health challenges faced by internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Northern Nigeria reflect a confluence of factors, including protracted conflicts and the growing impact of climate change. This paper explores how these twin forces exacerbate health vulnerabilities among IDPs, creating a complex crisis that demands immediate attention. Conflict-related displacement, driven by insurgencies and communal clashes, has disrupted livelihoods and forced millions into overcrowded and under-resourced camps. Simultaneously, the intensifying effects of climate change, such as desertification, erratic rainfall patterns, and flooding, further destabilize communities and contribute to repeated cycles of displacement. IDPs face a myriad of health challenges, including the prevalence of infectious diseases such as cholera and malaria, widespread malnutrition, and significant mental health burdens. Poor living conditions in IDP camps, coupled with inadequate access to healthcare services, exacerbate these issues. Furthermore, climate change acts as a multiplier, not only by increasing displacement but also by worsening health outcomes through food insecurity, water scarcity, and heightened vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. This study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on a comprehensive review of existing literature, policy documents, and reports from international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The methodology includes a critical analysis of secondary data, focusing on the intersection of health, conflict, and climate change in Northern Nigeria. Peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and government reports were analyzed to identify trends, challenges, and gaps in addressing IDP health. By synthesizing these insights, the manuscript highlights the urgent need for integrated healthcare services tailored to IDPs, climate-resilient interventions, and stronger collaboration among stakeholders. It emphasizes the importance of addressing both the immediate health needs and the underlying factors driving displacement and vulnerability. By proposing evidence-based policy recommendations and innovative strategies, this study aims to inform efforts to improve health outcomes for IDPs in Northern Nigeria and mitigate the dual threats of conflict and climate change.