A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO AN EFFECTIVE PROJECT MANAGER AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE AND EFFECTIVENESS IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

Abstract

The study aims to identify and analyze the key factors that contribute to the effectiveness of project managers in multinational corporations (MNCs) and evaluate the impact that these effective project managers have on the overall performance and success of MNCs. By conducting a systematic review of existing literature, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the competencies and qualities that define effective project managers and how their performance influences organizational outcomes. This systematic review of (38 studies) was conducted by searching relevant literature from 1924 to 2024 using academic databases such as Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles and books that provided empirical data or comprehensive reviews, while exclusion criteria filtered out non-peer-reviewed articles, opinion pieces, and studies focusing solely on domestic companies without a multinational context. Data extraction involved a qualitative approach to interpret and synthesize key themes related to the study objectives. The review identified two main themes: factors contributing to an effective project manager and the impact of effective project managers on MNC performance. Key factors include adaptability and responsiveness, cultural competencies, consistency and coherence, knowledge sharing, performance measurement, people management, executive coaching, risk management, strategic talent management, and effective leadership systems. Positive impacts of effective project management on MNCs were highlighted, such as improved adaptability, knowledge transfer, and employee performance. However, challenges like cultural clashes, high implementation costs, and increased complexity were also noted as negative impacts. The study concludes that effective project management is crucial for the success of MNCs. Effective project managers possess a combination of technical proficiency, strategic vision, cultural intelligence, and robust stakeholder engagement strategies. These competencies enable them to navigate the complexities of managing projects across diverse geographical, cultural, and regulatory environments. The findings underscore the importance of continuous improvement and adaptability in project management practices to maintain a competitive edge in the global market. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing practical guidelines for MNCs to enhance project management effectiveness and drive organizational performance